What are IPv4 and IPv6?
IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) and IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) are the two versions of the Internet Protocol used to address and identify devices in networks. The protocol is a fundamental part of internet communication, as every connected device needs a unique IP address to communicate with other systems.
- IPv4 is the older standard, using 32-bit addresses, which allows for about 4.3 billion possible addresses.
- IPv6 is the successor to IPv4, using 128-bit addresses, enabling a virtually unlimited number of unique addresses.
How do IPv4 and IPv6 work?
Both IPv4 and IPv6 work by assigning each device a unique IP address, which is used to send and receive data packets between sender and receiver. The protocol defines how packets are structured, addressed, and delivered across networks.
IPv6 is not just a solution to address exhaustion in IPv4—it also brings advantages such as improved performance, simplified network configuration, and built-in security through IPsec.
Comparison between IPv4 and IPv6:
| Function | IPv4 | IPv6 |
| Address length | 32 bits | 128 bits |
| Number of addresses | ≈ 4,3 billion | ≈ 340 undecillion |
| Address format | 192.168.0.1 | 2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334 |
| Configuration | Often via DHCP | Automatic (stateless) or DHCPv6 |
| Security | Added externally | Built-in IPsec support |
| Routing | More complex | More efficient hierarchical routing |
Why is IPv6 needed?
IPv4 addresses were quickly exhausted due to the explosive growth of internet-connected devices, including IoT, mobile phones, and computers. IPv6 ensures that there are enough IP addresses for future demand while simplifying network administration. It also improves routing efficiency and enhances security with built-in encryption and authentication.
Frequently Asked Questions about IPv4 and IPv6
- Can a device have both an IPv4 and an IPv6 address?
Yes. Most modern operating systems and networks use both protocols simultaneously in a setup called dual stack. - Is IPv6 faster than IPv4?
Not inherently, but because IPv6 has a more efficient structure for routing and address handling, performance can be better in some environments. - Can I disable IPv6 in my network?
Technically yes, but it is not recommended. More and more services and platforms require IPv6 for full functionality. - How can I check if my network uses IPv6?
You can visit test-ipv6.com, or run the following commands:- Windows: ipconfig
- macOS/Linux: ifconfig or ip a